Basic Git Commands | Beginner to Advance | Learn Git & GitHub

Hello friends Welcome again to TechPunch.

In this tutorial I will show you the basic Git commands to learn Git & Github.

Hope you have referred my previous blog for Installing the Git Bash on your Local PC/Laptop.

As GitHub is widely used platform so you should know how to use it. Here are some basic about Git and Github you must need to know before we staring.

GitHub is primarily a web platform, which hosts code repositories along with distributed version control. Today, almost every developer working on a group project or individually uses GitHub as most important tool due to its capability of making version control easier.

Repository – A repository is a location where all the files for a particular project are stored, usually abbreviated to “repo.” Each project will have its own repo, and can be accessed by a unique URL.

Revisioning – Git keeps an eye on each revision you make with the option of ‘reverting’ to a previous version, should the need arise.

Collaboration – Multiple people can pull and push code to the repository, making it a centralized source

Forking – “Forking” is when you create a new project based off of another project that already exists. This is an amazing feature that vastly encourages the further development of programs and other projects. If you find a project on GitHub that you’d like to contribute to, you can fork the repo, make the changes you’d like, and release the revised project as a new repo. If the original repository that you forked to create your new project gets updated, you can easily add those updates to your current fork.

Github is a great way to handle and maintain code for a developer in the sense that it keeps everything organized with the ability to undo any unwanted actions. You can also push directly to servers so there is more consistency with that side of the transfer. In general, Github, and Git, are great tools for any developer/designer and relatively easy to learn.

Basic Git Commands

Configuring the Git :

When you come to a bank for the first time and ask to store your money there, they give you a bunch of paperwork to fill out. Before you can use banking services, you have to register with the bank. Git wants you to do the same (register with Git) before you start using a repository.
To tell Git who you are, run the following two commands:

git config --global user.name "Your Github Username"

git config -- global user.email "Your Github Email"

To check your submitted Github username and email :

git config --list

Start a New Local Repository :

The “init” command stands for initialize. Once you run “git init”, Git will initialize a hidden directory called “.git” in the project’s root directory.

git init

 Status of your Project :

You might want to know the status of your project. does it store anything yet? To know the Git status, you’ll need to run:

git status

List the files you’ve changed and those you still need to add or commit.

Adding files in track :

By using the git status we knows that some of the files are untracked yet. So adding these files into the track we are using the git add command.
Adding a Particular File

git add branchname

For adding all or multiple files

git add .

Committing changes to Git :

Record the changes made to the files to a local repository. For easy reference, each commit has a unique ID.
It’s best practice to include a message with each commit explaining the changes made in a commit. Adding a commit message helps to find a particular change or understanding the changes.
Commit a File

git commit -m "Your message here"

Adding & Commiting all files at one stroke

git commit -a -m "Your message here"

Check out a repository :

Create a working copy of a local repository:

git clone /path/to/repository

For a remote server, use:

git clone username@host:/path/to/repository

Branch :

The default branch in which you are working is master branch and if you want to create a new branch for your project then use this command

git branch 

Create a new branch and switch to it

git checkout -b branchname

Switch from one branch to another

git checkout branchname

List all the branches in your repo, and also tells in whic branch you are currently working

git branch

Delete the branch

git branch -d branchname

Push the branch to your remote repository, so others can use it

git push origin branchname

Push all branches to your remote repository

git push --all origin

Delete a branch on your remote repository
Push all branches to your remote repository

git push origin :branchname

Merge :

Merge the changes made in another branch into the current branch

git merge branchname

To check the all branches

git branch -a

Merge branch  into the current branch, but do not make a new commit automatically

git merge --no-commit branchname

Fetch and merge changes on the remote server to your working directory

git pull

Tags :

You can use tagging to mark a significant changeset, such as a release

git tag 1.0.0 commitID

check logs of all the commits

git log

Only check the commits

git log --oneline

Push all tags to remte repository

git push --tags origin

Undo local changes :

If you mess up, you can replace the changes in your working tree with the last content in head:
Changes already added to the index, as well as new files, will be kept

git checkout -- filename

Scrap uncommitted state and return the working tree to the last committed state

git reset --hard HEAD

Delete the latest commit, and return to the one previous (one before HEAD)

git reset --hard HEAD~1

Remove files :

To remove a file from the working index (cached)

git rm --cached filename

To delete a file (force)

git rm -f filename

To remove an entire directory from the working index (cached)

git rm -r --cached directory_name

To delete an entire directory (force)

git rm -r -f filename

Some of the useful Resources :

Git original Site

Pro Git (Book)

My GitHub Profile

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